Pharyngitis is an inflammatory illness of the mucous membranes and underlying structures of the throat. The clinical diagnostic category includes tonsillitis, tonsillopharyngitis, and nasopharyngitis; inflammation also frequently involves the uvula…
Clinicians care for individual patients, each of whom has certain unique problems. Clinicians base their decisions on a panoply of factors that include features of the acute and chronic medical…
The common cold is an acute, communicable, viral disease characterized by nasal stuffiness, sneezing, coryza, throat irritation, and no or minimal fever. Although the terms upper respiratory tract infection (URI)…
Introduction The human microbiome consists of different microbial communities colonizing specific body sites ( Fig. 5.1 ) and fluctuating during several life stages. Because pediatrics is fundamentally oriented around the…
Introduction There has been tremendous progress in our attempt to discern the molecular basis of infectious diseases, yet several gaps remain both in the understanding of disease processes and in…
This chapter provides an overview of immunologic responses to infection and considers host interactions with different classes of pathogens, normal innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, the developing host responses of…
Despite the availability of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents and expansion of vaccination programs, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. A number of…
Fever is the thermoregulated increase in body temperature above normal as the result of a coordinated response to a pathologic insult. The two essential features of fever are that it…
Learning outcomes After studying this chapter you should be able to: Knowledge criteria • Understand the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of gynaecological cancer • Describe the aetiology, epidemiology…
Learning outcomes After studying this chapter you should be able to: Knowledge criteria • List the causes of bleeding and/or pain in early pregnancy • Describe the epidemiology, aetiology and…
