Obgyn Key

Hepatomegaly occurs commonly in children as a feature of primary liver disease or as a result of systemic disorders involving the liver and other organs ( Table 14.1 ). Because…

Diarrhea is defined as a stool volume of greater than 10 g/kg/day in infants and toddlers and greater than 200 g/day in older children. Functionally, diarrhea should be considered if a patient…

Calories from food provide energy for the body’s maintenance functions of repair, regulation, metabolic functions, replacement of losses, and daily activity. Children have additional caloric requirements because they must also…

Most heart murmurs are normal or innocent, and must be distinguished from pathologic murmurs of congenital or acquired cardiac diseases. Whereas less than 1% of the population has structural congenital…

Chest pain can be the presenting complaint for a child feeling chest tightness, burning, pressure, stabbing sensations, palpitations, or heartburn. This can make quickly discerning an etiology difficult, particularly in…

Dizziness is a common but very nonspecific chief complaint about which some elaboration by the patient is generally required for the physician to understand exactly what the patient is experiencing….

Introduction Earache (otalgia) is pain that arises from a pathologic process in the external, middle, or inner ear or that is referred to the ear from another structure. Acute otitis…

Introduction The main function of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen to meet the body’s demands and remove excess carbon dioxide. Many processes are involved in ensuring that this…

Apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) is a term used to describe an acute, unexpected episode that consists of a change in an infant’s breathing, appearance, or behavior. It is a clinical…

Introduction Cough is an important defense mechanism of the lungs and is a common symptom, particularly during winter months. In most patients, it is self-limited. However, cough can be ominous,…