Obgyn Key

An abdominal mass or abdominal fullness in a child usually becomes apparent when it enlarges enough to be visualized during bathing or palpable on physical examination. Masses may arise from…

Prepubertal Vaginal Bleeding (See Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, p. 2613.) The source of abnormal bleeding during childhood is much more likely to be the vulva or vagina rather than the…

Definitions Vomiting encompasses all retrograde ejection of gastrointestinal (or esophageal) contents from the mouth. Vomiting is subdivided according to its forcefulness; thus, effortless or nearly effortless regurgitation is distinguished from…

Jaundice, the yellow discoloration of skin and sclerae, results when the serum level of bilirubin, a pigmented compound, is elevated. Jaundice is not evident until the total serum bilirubin is…

Acute abdominal pain is usually a self-limiting, benign condition that is commonly caused by gastroenteritis, constipation, or a viral illness. The challenge is to identify children who require immediate evaluation…

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in children can range from small amounts of blood in the stool, associated with milk protein allergy or anal fissure, to life-threatening hemorrhage, associated with portal hypertension…

Proteinuria can be detected by various means, and the most common is the dipstick test, a calorimetric assay that spots only albumin and not low-molecular-weight proteins. In addition, alkaline urine…

Constipation is defined symptomatically as the infrequent passage of hard stools, straining while passing a stool, or pain associated with the passage of a hard stool. The range of normal…

Hematuria is a common issue faced by primary physicians who care for children. While it can cause great anxiety in the patient and family when it presents as gross hematuria,…

Dysuria is defined as painful urination and can be related to uncomfortable contraction of the muscles of the bladder or when urine comes into contact with the inflamed genitourinary mucosa….