Abstract Twin pregnancies are at increased relative risk of many obstetric complications compared to singletons, including aneuploidy. Antenatal testing for aneuploidy in twin pregnancies, both invasive and noninvasive, has additional…
Abstract The major fraction of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma is derived from maternal cells and only 5%–20% is of “fetal” origin. Therefore any whole or partial chromosomal imbalances in…
Abstract The core goal of cell-free DNA-based prenatal testing (at its introduction called “NIPT”) is to provide minimally invasive, clinically accurate, and financially accessible screening for fetal chromosomal aneuploidies in…
Abstract The primary challenge of cell-free DNA (“cfDNA”) based prenatal testing (commonly called noninvasive prenatal testing or NIPT) is to identify fetal chromosomal anomalies from maternal plasma samples, where maternal…
Keywords Divorce, separation, death, bereavement The primary responsibility for ensuring the optimal development and well-being of children lies within the family. A variety of different disruptions can interfere with…
Keywords Family dysfunction, adoption, foster care, substance use, attachment A family is a dynamic system of interactions among biologically, socially, or legally related individuals. As such, families have a…
Keywords Sexuality, homosexuality, gender identity, gender dysphoria The development of sexuality occurs throughout a child’s life. Sexuality includes the interplay of gender roles, gender identity, sexual orientation, and sexual…
Keywords Physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect Child maltreatment is a significant public health concern given its prevalence and potential impact on health not only during childhood but also later…
Keywords failure to thrive, nutrition, growth, re-feeding syndrome Failure to thrive ( FTT ) is a descriptive term given to infants and young children with malnourishment resulting in inadequate…
