Obgyn Key

Uterus and Cervix 20.1 Cervical Incompetence and Shortening Description and Clinical Features Cervical incompetence (also termed cervical insufficiency) is defined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists as the…

Umbilical Cord 22.1 Single Umbilical Artery Description and Clinical Features The normal umbilical cord has three vessels: two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. When there is a single umbilical…

Extremities 16.1 Skeletal Dysplasias Description and Clinical Features Skeletal dysplasias, also called osteochondral dysplasias, result from abnormal formation and remodeling of bone, which lead to diffuse skeletal deformity and shortening…

Head 6.1 Ventriculomegaly Description and Clinical Features Ventriculomegaly, also called “hydrocephalus,” is defined as increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles. This is manifested by dilation of some…

Amniotic Fluid 21.1 Oligohydramnios Description and Clinical Features Oligohydramnios refers to an abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid. Causes of oligohydramnios from the mid second trimester onward include the following:…

Fetal Growth and Well-Being 18.1 Fetal Biometry and Growth Description and Clinical Features Fetal measurements play an important role in second and third trimester ultrasound. Two of the key uses…

Gastrointestinal Tract 12.1 Esophageal Atresia Description and Clinical Features Esophageal atresia is a disorder in which the esophagus is obstructed by a segment that has complete obliteration of the lumen….

Thorax 10.1 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasias Description and Clinical Features Abnormal formation of lung tissue and bronchi and/or aberrant arterial blood supply to part of the lung results in a spectrum of…

Adrenal Gland 15.1 Hemorrhage and Calcification Description and Clinical Features Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage may be seen in the setting of perinatal asphyxia and neonatal sepsis. Thus, adrenal hemorrhage in the…

Ventral Wall 13.1 Omphalocele Description and Clinical Features An omphalocele is a ventral wall defect at the umbilicus through which abdominal contents herniate into the base of the umbilical cord….