Introduction Puberty is a time of both cognitive and physical change. Pubertal hormones influence the growth and development of breasts and genitalia. The external appearance of the vulva changes significantly;…
Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common complaint among adolescents reporting to a gynecologist. They may present with bleeding that lasts for several weeks at a time or…
Introduction The menstrual period is a key marker of health. In fact, many professional medical organizations recommend that the menstrual cycle be considered a vital sign, as timely identification of…
Introduction Prepubertal vaginal bleeding is the onset of vaginal bleeding that occurs before the normal age of puberty and may occur both with and without preceding pubertal milestones. Although many…
Introduction Puberty can be a source of much concern for adolescents. As children become more self-aware, they also become more aware of comparisons: Why don’t I have breasts yet? My…
Introduction The period of human growth and development that occurs during adolescence is commonly referred to as puberty. This chapter focuses on normal pubertal changes, including sexual maturity and physical…
Introduction The pediatric gynecologic examination (PGE) should only be performed when indicated. Unnecessary PGE in both the child and adolescent can lead to overmedicalization of their conditions, feelings of exploitation,…
Introduction Dysmenorrhea, which is pain associated with menstrual cycles, has a significant impact on the day-to-day functioning of adolescents. This chapter aims to review dysmenorrhea and endometriosis (the most common…
Introduction Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents are those whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth ( Table 3.1 ). Although the prevalence of gender diversity in…
Introduction Adolescence is a complex developmental phase with cognitive, physical, and psychosocial milestones ( Table 2.1 ). As a young person navigates this journey, they may engage in risk-taking behaviors…
