Pregnancy in Adolescence
Even if adolescent pregnancy rates are declining in the western world, a health care provider approaching an adolescent girl seeking for medical assistance must always be aware that she could…
Diagnosis and Treatment of Genital Malformations in Infancy and Adolescence
Fig. 3.1 Embryonic formation of female reproductive system 3.2 Etiology of Genital Malformations The etiologies for the majority of congenital anomalies of the female reproductive tract are largely unknown. Most…
Female Genital Mutilations
Type I: Partial or total removal of the clitorisa and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy) Type Ia: Removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only Type Ib: Removal of the clitorisa with…
Vulvovaginitis in Childhood
Fig. 1.1 Streptococcus pyogenes vulvovaginitis Staphylococcus aureus may cause opportunistic skin infections which may appear as impetiginous, bullous, or suppurative. In case of suspected sexually transmitted disease, evaluation for Neisseria…
Sexual Abuse and Genital Trauma
Fig. 13.1 The impact of adverse childhood experiences on the lifespan Among the many possible symptoms we mention: growth disorder, cognitive disorder, sleep and food-related disorder, psychosomatic disorder, anxiety and…
Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adolescence
Fig. 9.1 The PCO morphology is characterized by the increased ovarian volume, by the increased number of follicles, by their peripheral arrangement, and by their small diameter However, following these…
Gonadal Failure
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (ovarian insufficiency) Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hypothalamic-pituitary defects) Congenital Congenital – Turner syndrome – Kallmann syndrome – Primary ovarian insufficiency – Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) – Abnormalities in gonadotropin production or action – Combined pituitary hormone…
Dysmenorrhea
• Family history • Frequent life changes • Young age • Few social supports • Precocious menarche • Stressful close relationships • Heavy and prolonged menstrual flows • Low socioeconomic…
Eating Disorders in Adolescence
Anorexia nervosa (AN) Persistent restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight. Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight…
Recommendations for the First Prescription of Hormonal Contraception in Adolescence
Young age at first sexual intercourse Poor personal planning Short relationships Alcohol abuse Lack of family cohesion and child monitoring Psychotropic drug abuse Older male partner Binge eating Poor school…
