Genetic counselling
10.4 Genetic counselling Zornitza Stark, Martin Delatycki Genetic counselling involves a health professional talking to an individual, a couple or a family about a medical condition or disease that is,…
Liver diseases
20.5 Liver diseases Wolfram Haller, Winita Hardikar Introduction Liver disease is relatively infrequent in childhood. Early recognition is, however, crucial, as the timing of diagnosis has a significant impact on…
Infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease
20.2 Infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease Jeremy Rosenbaum, George Alex The basic pathological mechanisms causing diarrhoea include osmotic, secretory and inflammatory processes (Table 20.2.1). Often more than one mechanism…
Ear, nose and throat disorders
22.1 Ear, nose and throat disorders Elizabeth Rose Paediatric otolaryngologists see children with mucosal diseases of the upper aerodigestive tract (ears, nose, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx), airway obstruction, and…
Urinary tract infections and malformations
18.1 Urinary tract infections and malformations Colin Jones, Joshua Kausman Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common bacterial infection affecting children. UTI can cause septicaemia…
Glomerulonephritis, renal failure and hypertension
18.2 Glomerulonephritis, renal failure and hypertension Steven McTaggart Haematuria Isolated microscopic haematuria Asymptomatic isolated microscopic haematuria is common and can be detected on a single occasion in 0.5–2% of school-aged…
Lower respiratory tract infections and abnormalities
14.5 Lower respiratory tract infections and abnormalities Peter LeSouëf Lower respiratory tract infections Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major cause of morbidity in developed and developing countries and…
Abdominal pain and vomiting
20.1 Abdominal pain and vomiting Spencer Beasley, Andrew Day Acute abdominal pain and vomiting are common symptoms in children and a frequent reason for children to be taken to the…
Inborn errors of metabolism
10.5 Inborn errors of metabolism David Coman, Jim McGill Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), or metabolic disorders, are clinical conditions that result from a block in one of the metabolic…
Resuscitation
5.2 Resuscitation Ed Oakley, Mike South The term ‘collapse’ is used here to describe a state in which a child’s neurological and/or cardiorespiratory function is acutely and severely impaired. Diagnosis…
