X chromosome defectsTurner’s syndromeTrisomy XBalanced X chromosome translocationsX chromosome partial deletionsAutosomal chromosome mutations, e.g. SALT (galactosemia), FSHRAutoimmuneUp to 20% have a history of autoimmune disease Adrenal insufficiency Hypothroidism Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome I and…
Figure 23.1. Pulmonary embolism. Risk factors There are a number of risk factors for venous thromboembolism. They fit into a more contemporary and extended version of Virchow’s triad (stasis, hypercoagulability,…
2.0 mg: Bedol® (ReSource Medical), Elleste-Solo 2 mg® (Meda), Zumenon® (Abbott Healthcare)Estradiol valerate1.0Climaval® (Novartis), Progynova® (Bayer)Conjugated equine estrogens0.3Premarin® (Pfizer)Estradiol, estrone, estriol mix0.6 (E2), 1.4 (E1), 0.27 (E3)Hormonin® (AMCo)Combined therapy17ß-estradiol0.5–2.00.5 mg:…
Figure 19.1. Thermoregulatory zone in women with flashes compared with postmenopausal women who do not have flashes. Changes in core temperature may also be associated with alterations in neuroendocrine pathways…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 26 Premature ovarian insufficiency: hormonal aspects and long-term health Nick Panay Sheila is 35, and has been on the combined oral contraceptive pill since the…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 25 The risk-benefit analysis of hormone replacement therapy in the menopause Tatijana Nikishina and Tim Hillard The hormone replacement therapy (HRT) risk-benefit profile has been…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 22 Hormone replacement therapy and cancer Franco Guidozzi Caroline is 49, and since her periods stopped a year ago, she has suffered from debilitating menopausal…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 20 Alternative therapies for the management of menopausal symptoms Edzard Ernst and Paul Posadzki Prevalence of alternative therapies-use by menopausal women For the purpose of…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 21 Contraception for the perimenopausal woman Lee P. Shulman and Jessica W. Kiley Introduction The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) defines perimenopause as the time…
Figure 17.1. Androgenic adverse events over 52 weeks reported in a randomized controlled trial of the transdermal testosterone patch (TTP) releasing 300 µg/day or 150 µg/day. Derived from Davis et…
