Fetal therapy
Figure 28.1 Ultrasound picture showing needle guide centered on intrahepatic vein. Reproduced from Kilby MD et al. (eds) Fetal Therapy. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press 2012, with permission. Intraperitoenal transfusions…
Fetal central nervous system anomalies
Figure 6.1 Fetal lateral cerebral ventriculomegaly (arrows). (a) Mild ventriculomegaly; (b) unilateral mild ventriculomegaly; (c) severe ventriculomegaly. A value of >15 mm indicates severe ventriculomegaly. This is almost always associated…
Fetal infections
Halsby et al., 2014[6]Parvovirus60–70944cVyse et al., 2007[7]Varicella90–952100cPembrey et al., 2013[4]; RCOG Green-Top Guideline No. 13, 2007[9]Syphilis0.47(antibodies not protective)4.7/1,000cGiraudon et al., 2009[3]Rubella95.91–2bWise, 2013[8] a Significant ethnic variation (49% in white British,…
Ultrasound-guided diagnostic procedures
Figure 27.1 Photograph of placental fronds demonstrating an adequate sample volume and quality for analysis. For transcervical CVS, the cervix is visualized with a Cuscoe’s speculum. The cervix is cannulated…
The perinatal postmortem examination
Figure 29.1 (a, b) Macroscopic photographs from perinatal autopsies demonstrating effects of maceration, such as skin slippage and bilateral talipes equinovarus (top) and congenital left-sided diaphragmatic hernia (bottom). Histologic examination…
Assessment of fetal wellbeing
Figure 22.1 Example of a good Doppler. Uterine artery Doppler The uterine artery (UtA) Doppler assesses the placental flow on the maternal side of the circulation and is able to…
Fetal tumors
Mixed echos, may include cystic areas, hemorrhage or calcificationChoroid plexus tumor (papilloma)Large lobulated echogenic mass, unilateral, lateral ventricle (rarely third ventricle)Head and neckLymphangioma/cystic hygromaLarge cystic mass with multiple septations commonly…
Prescribing and teratogenesis in pregnancy
Figure 17.1 Causes of congenital abnormalities, the majority being of unknown etiology. The susceptibility of an embryo or fetus for a teratogenic response is related to various factors, including the…
Multiple pregnancy: management and outcomes
At least two of these appointments should be with the specialist obstetrician.Combine appointments with scans when crown–rump length measures from 45 mm to 84 mm (at approximately 11 weeks, 0…
Fetal face and neck anomalies
Figure 7.1 (a) Normal face and lips, (b) unilateral and (c) bilateral cleft lips. Diagnosis A coronal section through the face reveals the lips, chin prominence and nostrils, often in…
