Acquired Congenital 273 Caustic stenosis Four malformations Two long congenital stenosis One long esophageal duplication One achalasia Two stenosis post-radiotherapies One giant esophageal leiomyoma Two stenosis post-viral infections (Herpes) Two…
Fig. 29.1 Macroscopic findings of an isolated polyp in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: polyp is characterized by a central core of smooth muscle and is covered by the native mucosa Mutations of…
Fig. 23.1 Typical endoscopic findings of ulcerative colitis characterized by friability of colonic mucosa and the presence of erosions and minute ulcers In children five atypical features of UC have…
Fig. 1.1 The normal appearance of the fetal gastrointestinal system at 20 weeks (a, b) and close to term gestation (c); at 20 weeks the liver is large and occupies…
Gastrointestinal/hepatic problems Potential anesthetic implications Vomiting, diarrhea Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, full stomach Gastroesophageal reflux Treat like a full stomach Increased abdominal volume Diaphragmatic cephalic displacement Decreased lung compliance Decreased systemic…
Fig. 21.1 US showing a target sign: two rings of low echogenicity with an intervening hyperechoic ring Fig. 21.2 Contrast enema. The column of contrast stops at the head of…
Fig. 14.1 Drawing of the hypertrophic pylorus showing the dangerous place where the mucosa comes up as the muscular wall becomes suddenly thinner 14.7.1 Open Surgery If EMP has not…
Fig. 15.1 Transverse incision in the bulbus duodeni Fig. 15.2 First suture through the distal duodenum Fig. 15.3 Approximation of first suture from midway bulbus to superior edge of distal…
Support or manipulate pulmonary gas exchange Normalize alveolar ventilation (PaO2, PaCO2, and pH) Achieve and maintain PaO2 > 90 mmHg and peripheral Sat O2 > 95 % Increase lung volume…
Fig. 25.1 Genetic mechanisms of congenital hyperinsulinism (see text for details) Molecular genetic abnormalities have been identified in nine different genes which cause CHI: these include inactivating mutation of the…
