Introduction Androgen excess in females can manifest clinically as hirsutism, severe acne, male-pattern balding, deepening of the voice, and enlargement of the clitoris. Biochemical correlates may include elevated levels of…
Introduction Over one-third of high school students report having ever had sexual intercourse, with over half of high school seniors stating that they have had sex. Almost one-fifth (16%) of…
Introduction Contraception counseling is recommended to be a routine part of preventive health care visits. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that pediatricians have a working knowledge of contraception…
Introduction Breast development is an essential component of the pubertal transformation. It is imperative for a pediatric provider to recognize normal and abnormal breast development. Although the majority of pediatric…
In pediatric and adolescent patients, genital trauma can be from accidental injury or intentional assault. Genital trauma can range by the mechanism of trauma and by the severity and type…
Introduction Relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S) is a more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as the female athlete triad (FAT) ( Fig. 13.1 ). In 2014 the…
Introduction Puberty is a time of both cognitive and physical change. Pubertal hormones influence the growth and development of breasts and genitalia. The external appearance of the vulva changes significantly;…
Introduction Pediatric and adolescent patients frequently present to the office with vulvar or vaginal concerns. The most common concerns include prepubertal and postpubertal vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosus, labial adhesions, and vulvar…
Introduction Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the decline of ovarian function before age 40 years. Also known as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, POI has previously been referred to as premature ovarian…
Introduction Puberty is defined as the acquisition of adult height, bone strength, sexual characteristics, and reproductive capacity. Female puberty is divided between multiple stages, the first of which is thelarche…
