Obesity and chronic pelvic pain
14.1 Introduction 1. Chronic pelvic pain is constant or intermittent pain persisting greater than 6 months in the pelvic or lower abdominal region. 2. This definition features wide variation worldwide…
Obesity and pelvic organ prolapse
13.1 Introduction 1. Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) prevalence rates range from 10% in younger women and up to 50% in postmenopausal women. 2. Nearly 1 in 10 women will undergo…
Obesity, incontinence, and pelvic floor dysfunction
12.1 Urinary incontinence 12.1.1 Introduction 1. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disorder that affects approximately 25% of the general population according to large epidemiological studies. 2. Several factors have…
Heavy menstrual bleeding
11.1 Introduction Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common condition that affects 20%–30% of women during their reproductive age and has a major impact on women’s quality of life. The…
Medical and surgical interventions to improve fertility outcomes
10.1 Introduction 1. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide with more than 600 million obese adults, including 15% of women, in 2014. 2. Being overweight in early adulthood increases…
Obesity and assisted conceptionion
9.1 Introduction The World Health Organization defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that impairs health. Obesity is most commonly defined using body mass index (BMI). The percentage of…
Obesity—recurrent miscarriage
8.1 Introduction Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies prior to 20 weeks of gestation, though some authors describe RM as two or more…
Obesity: male and female infertility
7.1 Introduction • Obesity has become a global epidemic, affecting more than 650 million adults worldwide. • The prevalence of obesity has consistently increased to the point where more than…
Obesity and sexual health
1. Sexual health is an important part of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. 2. The association between obesity and physical illness is well established. 3. There is a…
Contraception for obese and super obese women
1. Obesity continues to be a major public health concern across the globe. 2. The prevalence of obesity has doubled over the past 30 years with 15% of women worldwide…
