General Overview of Radiation Therapy Ionizing radiation has been used for decades to kill cancer cells. The field of radiation oncology was once known as therapeutic radiology. Megavoltage X-rays are…
Introduction Gynecologic oncology was defined as a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology in 1969. Gynecologic oncologists undergo fellowship training after residency to gain additional surgical expertise, including gastrointestinal, urologic, and…
Introduction Shoulder dysfunction is a common complication seen in breast cancer survivors. The incidence of ipsilateral shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and numbness is in over 80% of survivors. The patients…
Introduction This chapter will review the use of chemotherapy in all gynecological cancers. The goal is to provide an overview of current therapeutic options. Chemotherapy is part of the multidisciplinary…
Introduction Pain and decreased function in breast cancer are common and can be significant. One large study showed that 47% of women treated for breast cancer experienced pain and 58%…
Introduction An aromatase inhibitor (AI) is a type of medication that stops the production of estrogen. This type of medication is the preferred treatment for hormone-receptor positive breast cancer in…
Introduction Metastatic bone disease is a debilitating condition that arises in advanced stages of cancer. Tumors from different organ systems can metastasize to the bones, threatening skeletal support, muscular and…
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with a reported prevalence of more than 3.8 million women in the United States as of January 1, 2019. It…
Introduction Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which cells originating most commonly from the ducts and lobules in the breast tissue, change and divide uncontrollably with the…
Introduction The cancer care continuum is a protracted time period with multiple medical treatments introduced at varying time points through that continuum. Each medical treatment brings with it the risk…
