Chapter 4 – Uterine and Tubal Causes of Infertility
Abstract Uterine and tubal abnormalities alone or in combination with other factors are present in 17%–25% of all couples who seek care for infertility treatment. The prevalence is higher in…
Chapter 3 – Endometriosis
Abstract Endometriosis is a chronic oestrogen-dependent condition that affects 10% of women from puberty to menopause. It is characterised by the presence and proliferation of endometrial-like cells outside the uterine…
Chapter 2 – Disorders of Ovulation and Reproductive Endocrine Disorders Associated with Infertility
Abstract Anovulation represents one of the main causes of female infertility, and establishing the underlying cause is critical to ensure effective treatment. This chapter details the various disorders of ovulation,…
Chapter 1 – Epidemiology and Initial Assessment of the Infertile Patient
Abstract This chapter discusses the epidemiology of infertility and the importance of the initial assessment of the infertile individual. Profound changes in society over the last two decades challenge previously…
Chapter 2 – Physics and Instrumentation
Abstract The ultrasound machine console varies between companies in the layout of the knobs. However, the overall panels are very similar, labeled and become familiar with use. Chapter 2 Physics…
Chapter 4 – Uterine Pathology and Anomalies
Abstract The role of nurses conducting ultrasound in assisted conception cycle monitoring is to evaluate the endometrial thickness and document the size of each ovarian follicle present. Women should have…
Chapter 3 – Gynaecology Ultrasound
Abstract Transvaginal imaging of the pelvic area begins at the perineum. With the probe positioned at the opening of the vagina, in the sagittal plane, the image demonstrates the symphysis…
Chapter 9 – First Trimester Pregnancy
Abstract Elevated β-hCG in the maternal serum or urine is an indication of pregnancy. Once the hCG levels reach 1,000–2,000 mIU/ml a transvaginal ultrasound should be able to demonstrate a gestational…
Chapter 6 – Ovarian Anomalies and Pathology
Abstract There are several different definitions of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The most commonly used definition is the Rotterdam criteria, which states that the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome requires…
Chapter 8 – Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
Abstract The vaginal probe is covered in a sterile plastic sheath, with an attached needle guide. The guide is used to align with each follicle at its largest diameter. A…
