Chapter 1 An Introduction to Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Practice Adam Balen , Lesley Breech , Sarah M. Creighton , and Lih-Mei Liao Introduction Pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) is…
Abstract Every individual treatment cycle involves a number of different stages and manipulations in the laboratory, and each case must be assessed and prepared for in advance; the afternoon prior…
Abstract Biologists and physiologists began to micromanipulate cells during the last century, using a variety of manipulator systems to dissect or record from cells. The earliest attempt to inject sperm…
Abstract During mammalian development the growth of the fetus is regulated by genetic information that is inherited from both the sperm and the oocyte. Apart from the clear differences that…
Abstract The first live births following frozen-thawed embryo transfer were reported in 1984 and 1985 by groups in Australia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Since that time, the original…
Abstract Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was developed in the late 1980s to help couples who are at risk of transmitting an inherited disease to their offspring, as an alternative to…
Abstract During the transition from morula to blastocyst the embryo enters the uterus, where it is sustained by oxygen and a rich supply of metabolic substrates in uterine secretions. The…
Abstract At least 50% of couples referred for infertility investigation and treatment are found to have a contributing male factor. Male factor infertility can represent a variety of defects, which…
Abstract Every cell in an individual has a unique chromosome complement, with 20 000–25 000 genes coded into a DNA sequence of 3 billion base pairs, packed into 23 pairs of chromosomes:…
Abstract In the armory of medical technology available for alleviation of disease and quality of life enhancement, there is nothing to match the unique contribution of assisted reproductive technology (ART)….
