Abstract Menopause has an overall adverse impact on musculoskeletal health. It is associated with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and sarcopenia [1]. Osteoporosis and related fractures, together with the consequent pain and locomotor…
Abstract The female pelvic floor undergoes a large numbers of adaptive changes, related to life and endocrine events. The injuries and functional modifications of female pelvic floor due to pregnancy,…
Abstract Loss of libido is the most common sexual complaint of women, often being a final common pathway of many sexual disorders. Estimates range from 30–45 per cent depending on…
Abstract Previous studies have reported that the menopause is associated with deterioration in memory and mood in some women. Also, a significant body of research suggests that hormone ‘replacement’ therapy…
Abstract Up to 43 per cent of women and 18 per cent of men are affected by migraine at some time in their lives [1]. This sex difference is accounted…
Abstract During fetal life, 100–2000 primordial germ cells enter a massive proliferation process and, by mid-gestation, there are several million potential oocytes. However, most (85 per cent) of them are…
Abstract Quality of life is defined as the psychological and physical well-being depending on influences of genetic and environmental factors. Chapter 5 Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Optimizing Quality of Life and…
Abstract The essential cause of the existence of the menopause is that the ovary contains a finite number of follicles: these are progressively lost with time until insufficient remain to…
Abstract Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) was developed for the treatment of tubal infertility, [1], it soon became apparent that human IVF had many other applications such as male factor…
Abstract Before considering the various symptoms potentially attributable to the ‘menopause’, let us define the terminology. Chapter 2 Clinical Features of the Menopause/Postmenopause Gab Kovacs Before considering the various symptoms…
