Obgyn Key

Head 6.1 Ventriculomegaly Description and Clinical Features Ventriculomegaly, also called “hydrocephalus,” is defined as increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles. This is manifested by dilation of some…

Amniotic Fluid 21.1 Oligohydramnios Description and Clinical Features Oligohydramnios refers to an abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid. Causes of oligohydramnios from the mid second trimester onward include the following:…

Fetal Growth and Well-Being 18.1 Fetal Biometry and Growth Description and Clinical Features Fetal measurements play an important role in second and third trimester ultrasound. Two of the key uses…

Gastrointestinal Tract 12.1 Esophageal Atresia Description and Clinical Features Esophageal atresia is a disorder in which the esophagus is obstructed by a segment that has complete obliteration of the lumen….

Thorax 10.1 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasias Description and Clinical Features Abnormal formation of lung tissue and bronchi and/or aberrant arterial blood supply to part of the lung results in a spectrum of…

Adrenal Gland 15.1 Hemorrhage and Calcification Description and Clinical Features Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage may be seen in the setting of perinatal asphyxia and neonatal sepsis. Thus, adrenal hemorrhage in the…

Ventral Wall 13.1 Omphalocele Description and Clinical Features An omphalocele is a ventral wall defect at the umbilicus through which abdominal contents herniate into the base of the umbilical cord….

Face 8.1 Cleft Lip and Palate Description and Clinical Features Cleft lip is a congenital defect in the upper lip that is usually laterally located and often extends into the…

Neck 9.1 Thickened Nuchal Fold (16–20 Weeks Gestation) Description and Clinical Features Neonates with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) often have thickening of the soft tissues in the posterior neck. This…

Spine 7.1 Spina Bifida and Meningomyelocele Description and Clinical Features Spina bifida results from abnormal development of the neural tube, with failure of the posterior vertebral arches to close and…