Introduction/Pertinent Anatomy As youth sports participation continues to increase, there has been a corresponding increase in the amount of injuries seen, especially shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Traumatic injuries such…
Elbow Fractures Anatomy and Classification of Elbow Fractures Fractures about the pediatric elbow are common; they account for 5%–10% of all fractures in children. The unique anatomy of the elbow…
Introduction Flexor tendon injuries in children are less prevalent and have less evidentiary support as compared to the adult population. Most authors agree that immobilization protocols comprise a safe and…
Introduction Spinal cord injury is devastating to the patient, the family, and his or her friends. In an instance, life has downgraded dramatically with respect to ambulation, limb usage, bladder/bowel…
Introduction Most children experience at least one fracture during their childhood and adolescence. Pediatric and adolescent fractures are more commonly observed in males than females (65% vs. 50% of children,…
Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common inflammatory joint disorder in childhood and may cause substantial intraarticular damage, long-term joint sequelae, and eventual disability. Arthritis occurring with other…
Introduction Cerebral palsy is often related to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) when the infant’s brain is deprived of adequate blood flow secondary to a hypoxic-ischemic event during the prenatal, intrapartum,…
Introduction Brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBI) not resolving through natural recovery often result in various sequelae associated with the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and/or hand. These impairments often include decreased range…
Introduction The anatomy, incidence, etiology, demographics, and initial management of a child with brachial plexus palsy have been discussed in this chapter. Timely referral to a brachial center is recommended…
Introduction Multiligament laxity in children and adolescents results from underlying joint hypermobility. Joint hypermobility (JH) is defined as the “capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to…
