• Targeting appropriate oxygenation in newborn infants can improve outcomes. • Evidence from randomized controlled trials and the corresponding meta-analyses indicate that air vs 100% oxygen for resuscitation of term…
• Following delivery, the processes of lung aeration and increases in pulmonary blood flow are closely linked. • Establishing effective ventilation is the key to successful resuscitation. • Although risk…
• As fewer preterm infants are managed with an endotracheal tube in early life, the usual conduit for surfactant delivery is lacking. With this approach has come a dilemma regarding…
• Understanding the physiology of neonatal respiratory control has served as an effective guide to common therapeutic approaches. • Both the acute and longer-term consequences of intermittent hypoxia secondary to…
• The ductus arteriosus plays a vital role in fetal life but failure to constrict and close postnatally, particularly in a premature infant, can result in systemic to pulmonary shunting….
• Lung development involves lung bud initiation, branching morphogenesis, saccular formation, alveolar septation, and accompanying vascular development that begins in the embryonic period and continues through fetal and postnatal periods….
• Lung vascular development occurs as highly choreographed sequence, regulated by hypoxia inducible factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, and other transcription factors and mediators. • In addition to…
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of prematurity that results from abnormal lung development that leads to chronic impairment of lung function. • Use of standard diagnostic classifications…
• Invasive mechanical ventilation of neonates increases their risk of developing bacterial infection of the lower airways and lung parenchyma, which is termed “ventilator-associated pneumonia” (VAP). • VAP is diagnosed…
• Both very and late preterm infants have worse respiratory health in childhood and adolescence. • Very preterm survivors have worse lung function, particularly airway obstruction, in childhood up to…
