Heart disease in pregnancy
Cardiac disease is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the developed world. The majority of women with heart disease are able to successfully undergo pregnancy. However, in women with…
Liver disease in pregnancy
Liver disease in pregnancy, either pre-existing or pregnancy specific, can be associated with a significant risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Here, we review the presentation, management and…
Respiratory disease in pregnancy
Many physiological and anatomical changes of pregnancy affect the respiratory system. These changes often affect the presentation and management of the various respiratory illnesses in pregnancy. This article focuses on…
Maternal Medicine – Multiple Choice Answers for Vol. 29, No. 5
1. a) T b) T c) T d) F e) T Around 1 in 250 pregnant women have diabetes. Evolving data, including a meta-analysis suggest that outcomes in type 1 diabetes are as bad, and…
Staging in Gynaecological Cancers – Multiple Choice Questions for Vol. 29, No. 6
1. Which of the following is true regarding the current role of molecular markers in cancer staging? a) There is no clear and unanimous consensus on which prognostic biomarkers to…
The role of laparoscopy in staging of different gynaecological cancers
Apart from cervical and vaginal cancers that are staged by clinical examination, most gynaecological cancers are staged surgically. Not only can pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy offer accurate staging information that…
Does debulking of enlarged positive lymph nodes improve survival in different gynaecological cancers?
Lymph-node-positive gynaecological cancers remain a pharmacotherapeutic challenge, and patients with lymph-node-positive gynaecological cancers have poor survival. The purpose of this review is to determine whether a survival advantage arises from…
Ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer staging: Rationale and explanation of new FIGO staging 2013
Ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers have a similar clinical presentation and are treated similarly, and current evidence supports staging all three cancers in a single system. The primary site…
Staging for endometrial cancer: The controversy around lymphadenectomy – Can this be resolved?
Endometrial cancer remains the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors, and stratification into pelvic lymph node invasion…
Staging for cervix cancer: Role of radiology, surgery and clinical assessment
Staging is necessary in determining the extent of disease, its prognosis and in the formulation of optimal treatment protocols for patients with cancer. Clinical examination of patients and subsequent histopathological…
