Standard treatment for invasive cervical cancer involves either radical surgery or radiotherapy. Childbearing is therefore impossible after either of these treatments. A fertility-sparing option, however, by radical trachelectomy has been…
Topically applied vaginal microbicides to protect against human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection offer an important female-controlled prevention strategy. Microbicides have been in development for more than 2 decades, and have…
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention tools that women can use and control are urgently needed. Microbicides are chemical products applied to the vagina or rectum to prevent the sexual transmission…
1. a) T b) F c) T d) F e) T Fertility preservation is offered as an option in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer in a woman who has…
1. Which of the following statement(s) about research and development of microbicides is/are true: a) Microbicides are being developed for women for both vaginal and rectal use. b) Although several…
The reduction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women demonstrated by pericoital use of tenofovir gel has encouraged the continued development of microbicides. Novel approaches include new ways to…
The magnitude of the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is determined by women from lower income countries, specifically sub-Saharan Africa. Microbicides offer women who are unable to negotiate safe…
Women comprise one-half of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in the world, and about 70% of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Advancing, untreated HIV disease in women has…
Microbicide trials aim to measure the effect of a microbicide in reducing the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. Such trials present a number of challenging issues from design and…
The distinctive feature of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is the burden on women, in particular young women of reproductive age. Consequently, most late-phase effectiveness microbicide…
