Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Risk factor Odds ratio Risk points Birth weight <1500 g 9.05 9 Chromosomal abnormality 5.80 6 Major cardiac anomalya 2.68 3 Renal anomaly 1.89 2 CNS and GI abnormalities did…
Acute Appendicitis
Fig. 20.1 Appendiceal tip position can widely vary. Here the most frequent positions in which it is possible to find the appendix are illustrated. (a) Ascending into the retrocecal recess…
Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Sling
Fig. 7.1 The Rathke diagram: schematic representation of the six paired brachial arches (I–VI). (a) The brachial arches connect paired ventral aorta (a) and dorsal aorta (b). (b) Reabsorption of…
Alimentary Tract Duplications
Fig. 18.1 Distribution of duplications by location and frequency Table 18.1 Distribution of duplications by location and frequency Foregut duplications Midgut duplications Hindgut duplications Esophageal: 15–21 % Jejunal: 10–18 %…
Esophageal Replacements in Children
Acquired Congenital 273 Caustic stenosis Four malformations Two long congenital stenosis One long esophageal duplication One achalasia Two stenosis post-radiotherapies One giant esophageal leiomyoma Two stenosis post-viral infections (Herpes) Two…
Intestinal Polyposis
Fig. 29.1 Macroscopic findings of an isolated polyp in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: polyp is characterized by a central core of smooth muscle and is covered by the native mucosa Mutations of…
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 23.1 Typical endoscopic findings of ulcerative colitis characterized by friability of colonic mucosa and the presence of erosions and minute ulcers In children five atypical features of UC have…
Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetric Management
Fig. 1.1 The normal appearance of the fetal gastrointestinal system at 20 weeks (a, b) and close to term gestation (c); at 20 weeks the liver is large and occupies…
Anesthesia in Pediatric Digestive Surgery
Gastrointestinal/hepatic problems Potential anesthetic implications Vomiting, diarrhea Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, full stomach Gastroesophageal reflux Treat like a full stomach Increased abdominal volume Diaphragmatic cephalic displacement Decreased lung compliance Decreased systemic…
Intussusception
Fig. 21.1 US showing a target sign: two rings of low echogenicity with an intervening hyperechoic ring Fig. 21.2 Contrast enema. The column of contrast stops at the head of…
