Clinical Evaluation of Renalfunction and Disease Early diagnosis of a renal anomaly may help to prevent complications, including those related to the kidney itself (e.g., progressive loss of renal function…
Developmental Physiology The kidneys play a central role in the physiologic transition from fetal to postnatal life. Whereas homeostasis in utero is maintained largely by the placenta, adaptation to the…
Inherited Metabolic Disorders Barbara K. Burton Major advances in the recognition and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism have made it more essential than ever that the neonatologist be familiar…
Gastrointestinal Disease Jon A. Vanderhoof Terence L. Zach Thomas E. Adrian Although most pediatric gastroenterologists are uncomfortable with primary care of the sick premature infant, they often are valuable consultants…
Endocrine Disorders of the Newborn Mary M. Lee Thomas Moshang Jr. From the moment of conception, physiologic endocrine processes are actively involved in growth and development of the human fetus….
Congenital Anomalies Scott Douglas McLean Much of our practice of pediatrics and neonatology is geared toward the provision of acute care, such as resuscitation, antibiotics, and intravenous fluids. When we…
Carbohydrate Homeostasis Edward S. Ogata Glucose homeostasis results from the net balance between systemic organ requirements and the production and regulation of glucose. The neonate’s ability to maintain glucose homeostasis…
Calcium and Magnesium Homeostasis Winston W. K. Koo Reginald C. Tsang Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant mineral in the body and, together with phosphorus (P), forms the major inorganic…
Acknowledgment I thank Anthony McDonagh, PhD, for his critical review of portions of this chapter.
Physiologic Role of Bilirubin Despite its potential toxicity, bilirubin may have an important and positive physiologic role (278,561). Bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant in vitro (278) and there is a…
