Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is defined by the association of marked proteinuria (more than 1 g/m2/d) with hypoalbuminemia (less than 2.5 g/dL), hyperlipidemia and edema. A nephrotic syndrome is…
Tubular Dysfunction
Tubular Dysfunction This section deals with tubular disorders that present commonly in the neonatal period, including those for which early onset of treatment during the neonatal period may modify or…
Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infections
Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infections In infants, bacteriuria can be diagnosed with certainty only by culturing samples obtained by invasive techniques (bladder catheterization or suprapubic aspiration). There is no consensus,…
Hypertension
Hypertension Definition In newborn and premature infants, systemic hypertension is best defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure that persistently exceeds the mean + 2 standard deviations for infants of…
Management of CKD in Infancy
Management of CKD in Infancy Infant CKD is a complex condition requiring intensive, specialized management to avoid the many complications of renal insufficiency and promote normal growth and development. Management…
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents Vasoactive forms of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents such as indomethacin, aspirin and ibuprofen can induce renal hypoperfusion in neonates, especially preterm neonates, resulting in usually reversible, oliguric ARF…
Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity Several agents that cross the placenta (see Chapter 15) can damage the fetal kidney, including aminoglycosides, ACE inhibitors, heavy metals, and organic solvents (Table 42-10) (579). Chapters 15 and…
Acute Renal Failure and Oligoanuria
Acute Renal Failure and Oligoanuria ARF, usually defined as an acute deterioration in the ability of the kidneys to maintain the homeostasis of body fluids (449), is associated with an…
Physical Examination
Physical Examination Dysmorphism Renal and Urinary Tract Anomalies Associated with Multiple Congenital Anomalies Any dysmorphic feature (e.g., abnormal ears) should lead the clinician to look for other anomalies and structural…
