Nephrotic Syndrome
63 Nephrotic Syndrome Michelle Denburg, Shamir Tuchman Nephrotic syndrome is defined by an association of the following four clinical and laboratory findings: (1) edema, (2) proteinuria, (3) hypoalbuminemia, and (4)…
Demyelinating Diseases
78 Demyelinating Diseases Amy T. Waldman Demyelinating diseases are acquired autoimmune disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in children and adolescents. Presenting with acute neurologic symptoms, these disorders are…
Renal Neoplasms
59 Renal Neoplasms Carly R. Varela, Kelly C. Goldsmith Renal tumors account for 6% of all childhood cancers and are the sixth most common form of cancer in children. As…
Cystic Fibrosis
41 Cystic Fibrosis Paul McNally Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal hereditary disease of Caucasians. The disease is caused by a defect in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator…
Pleural Effusions and Pneumothorax
40 Pleural Effusions and Pneumothorax Jason B. Caboot Pleural effusions and pneumothoraces occur as a result of structural and mechanical abnormalities of the pleural space. Abnormalities of the pleural space…
Disorders of the Eye
32 Disorders of the Eye Eden Kahle General pediatricians must be able to identify common ocular problems in infants and children. Many of these conditions can be managed by the…
Injury and Trauma
8 Injury and Trauma Sage Myers, James M. Callahan Injury is one of the most important public health threats to children in the United States. Trauma causes more deaths in…
Platelet Disorders
52 Platelet Disorders Jennifer Mangino Platelets are small anucleate cell particles (5-7 µL in volume) that play a critical role in primary hemostasis. At the time of vascular injury, platelets…
Disorders of Red Blood Cells
50 Disorders of Red Blood Cells Howard Topol Red blood cells (RBC) are non-nucleated cells composed of a cell membrane, complex surface glycoproteins, and hemoglobin (Hb). Hb, the major component…
Sickle Cell Disease
53 Sickle Cell Disease Connie M. Piccone More than 100,000 Americans are affected with sickle cell disease (SCD), making it one of the most prevalent genetic disorders in the United…
