Arrhythmias
45 Arrhythmias Javier J. Lasa Although infrequent in the pediatric population, arrhythmias represent potentially significant causes of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and management of arrhythmias require an understanding of…
Vascular Disorders
123 Vascular Disorders Lara Wine Lee Vascular lesions of the skin are a common pediatric problem with a wide range of clinical presentations. In 1996, the International Society for the…
Constipation
112 Constipation Melissa Kennedy Constipation is an extremely common complaint in children, accounting for 3% to 5% of all visits to general pediatric clinics and as many as 30% of…
Hypoglycemia
72 Hypoglycemia Andrew A. Palladino, Diva D. DeLeón Hypoglycemia is often the initial manifestation of a disorder of energy metabolism and regulation. The accurate diagnosis of the underlying condition facilitates…
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
70 Disorders of the Adrenal Gland Roy J. Kim, Rachana Shah The adrenal gland is really two separate organs: the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the adrenal cortex…
Hypertension
47 Hypertension Michael L. O’Byrne, R. Thomas Collins, II Hypertension, the abnormal elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressures (DBP), is relatively uncommon in children. It is…
Disorders of White Blood Cells
51 Disorders of White Blood Cells Daniel A. Weiser White blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes, are an integral part of the host immune system. Their microscopic appearance after Wright-staining categorizes…
Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
49 Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Deepika Thacker, Amy L. Peterson Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is postulated to be caused by a delayed systemic autoimmune reaction to group…
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndromes
64 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndromes Christopher LaRosa, Kevin E.C. Meyers Hemolytic-uremic syndromes (HUS) are clinical conditions characterized by acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with evidence of intravascular red blood…
Substance Abuse
82 Substance Abuse Daniel B. Horton, Sara B. Kinsman Adolescence marks a time of transition from childhood to young adult life. As part of this process, a majority of U.S….
