Fetal Assessment
FIGURE 17-1 Fetal bladder volume measurements together with fetal heart rate (FHR) variation recorded in relation to 1F or 2F behavior states. State 1F fetal heart rate has a narrow…
Pulmonary Disorders
Pathophysiology Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway syndrome with a major hereditary component. Increased airway responsiveness and persistent subacute inflammation have been associated with genes on chromosomes 5q that include…
Neurological Disorders
Primary Tension-type (69%) Migraine (16%) Cluster and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (< 1%) Other Secondary Systemic infection (63%) Head or neck trauma (4%) Cranial or cervical vascular disorders Intracranial nonvascular…
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Diagnostic Techniques Endoscopy Various methods can evaluate the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy without reliance on x-ray techniques. Fiberoptic endoscopic instruments have revolutionized diagnosis and management of most gastrointestinal conditions, and…
Chronic Hypertension
Definition and Classification For the foregoing reasons, it seems logical that chronic hypertension would be defined as some level of sustained blood pressure that is associated with an increase in…
Preconceptional Counseling
Few randomized trials evaluate preconceptional counseling efficacy, in part because withholding such counseling would be unethical. Also, because pregnancy outcomes are dependent on the interaction of various maternal, fetal, and…
Postterm Pregnancy
FIGURE 43-1 Rates of induction by gestational age among non-Hispanic white singleton livebirths ≥ 37 weeks from 1992 through 2003. (Redrawn from Zhang, 2010, with permission.) There are contradictory findings…
Fetal Disorders
Red Cell Alloimmunization There are currently 30 different blood group systems and 328 red cell antigens recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (Storry, 2011). Although some of these…
Placental Abnormalities
NORMAL PLACENTA Placental abnormalities are better understood with knowledge of placental implantation, development, and anatomy presented in Chapter 5 (p. 88). At term, the “typical” placenta weighs 470 g, is…
