Asthma

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Asthma

Asthma is the commonest chronic illness of childhood, occurring in up to 15% of children. The symptoms of cough, wheeze and dyspnoea are due to narrowing of the bronchi and…

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Developmental delay

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Developmental delay

The term global developmental delay refers to delay in all milestones (but particularly language, fine motor and social skills) and is particularly worrying as it generally indicates significant learning disability….

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Headache

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Headache

Headaches are a common complaint in older children and are nearly always due to non-specific viral infection, local infection (e.g. sinusitis) or related to tension. Most pathological and serious headaches…

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Haematuria and proteinuria

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Haematuria and proteinuria

Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis results from immune-mediated damage to the glomerulus. The commonest type in childhood is due to immune complex formation following group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection. The…

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Constipation

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Constipation

Management of Constipation Stage 1 Dietary management of constipation High-fibre foods Avoid excessive white bread Encourage wholewheat bread or bran High-fibre cereals Stool softeners Fruit (particularly the peel), vegetables Beans…

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Systems examination

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Systems examination

KEY QUESTIONS FROM THE HISTORY Breathlessness Consider the severity of breathing problems with activities Poor weight gain in infancy (a sign of respiratory distress) Cough Chronology—any link to time of…

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Urinary tract infections

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Urinary tract infections

Investigating Urinary Tract Infections Renal ultrasound scan (USS) To identify anatomical abnormalities (e.g. hydronephrosis, gross vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), duplex or horseshoe kidney). May identify renal cortical damage but can miss…

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Recurrent abdominal pain

Jul 2, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Recurrent abdominal pain

Some 10–15% of school-age children experience recurrent abdominal pain at some point, but only one in ten have an organic problem. A good clinical evaluation is essential as it is…

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