Cardiovascular Embryology
Cardiovascular Embryology Louis I. Bezold The development of the cardiovascular system—first organ system to reach functional maturity—is essentially complete by 8 weeks’ gestational age in humans. The critical period of…
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease David E. Fixler Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death during the first year of life. Malformations of the heart occur in…
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Kathleen A. Kennedy Joseph B. Warshaw Most neonates with acute lung disease recover completely within the first week of life. Some of these infants, however, develop chronic respiratory…
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension Gross Ian PATHOGENESIS During fetal life the tone in the pulmonary arterial system is increased and the pressure on the right side of the heart is greater…
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Gross Ian Meconium is passed into the amniotic fluid in approximately 10% of all births. Although passage of meconium may be associated with intrauterine fetal hypoxia, it…
Pulmonary Air Leaks
Pulmonary Air Leaks Gross Ian Air leak is more common during the newborn period than at any other time of life. This finding probably relates to the facts that assisted…
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn Gross Ian Transient tachypnea of the newborn (also called retained fetal lung fluid, or wet lung) is a benign, self-limited condition seen primarily in full-term…
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation Gross Ian Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is believed to be the result of an early focal arrest in lung development. Cystic areas replace the normal bronchi…
