Obgyn Key

Fig. 12.1 Complete placenta previa (major previa) at transabdominal ultrasound. Placenta lies over the internal cervical os Fig. 12.2 Minor or partial placenta previa at transvaginal ultrasound Currently, the definition…

Fig. 3.1 Partial placental abruption 3.2 Epidemiology The prevalence of placental abruption (PA) ranges from 0.4 to 1 % of all pregnancies and depends on the population. In Nordic countries,…

Fig. 8.1 The maternal–fetal vascular system Although it is one of the most intriguing of the human organs, the umbilical cord is also one of the least investigated [1], mainly…

Fig. 11.1 Schematic of shoulder dystocia. After emergence of the fetal head through the vaginal introitus, the anterior fetal shoulder becomes lodged behind the maternal pubic symphysis (arrow), obstructing spontaneous…

Fig. 15.1 (a) After activation of oxytocin receptor, phospholipase C, release intracellular calcium true inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate, who act in sarcoplasmic reticulum releasing calcium. And by the diacylglycerol who act…

Fig. 16.1 Liquid flowing into balloon on uterine relaxation Fig. 16.2 Excess liquid expelled into tank on uterine contraction Using the principle of communicating vessels in filling the uterine balloon…

Author Country Years Incidence per 10,000 Wallis et al. United States 1987–2994 8.2 Zwart et al. Netherlands 2004–2006 6.2 Liu et al. Canada 2007 5.7 Andersgaard et al. Sweden, Norway,…

Fig. 20.1 Rates of maternal-fetal CMV transmission: risk of fetal infection and development of disabilities While the majority of affected infants are asymptomatic at birth, 10–15 % exhibit signs of…

Fig. 9.1 Operative vaginal delivery in a protracted second stage of labour for fetal head in right occiput posterior position: on the left, the ultrasonographic scan showing the left orbit…

Fig. 21.1 Fetal adaptive response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Compensative mechanisms work in the initial phase through an increase in cerebral blood flow. If the insult persists, neuronal damage is…