Features Arterial Atherosclerosis of aorta, carotid, iliofemoral, coronary arteries Thrombosis of the aorta or axillary, carotid, hepatic, iliofemoral, mesenteric, pancreatic, popliteal, splenic, or subclavian artery Valve involvement Valve abnormalities…
Livedo reticularis Skin ulcerations Postphlebitic/Postthrombotic Livedoid vasculopathy-like Pyoderma gangrenosum-like Digital gangrene Pseudovasculitic manifestations Purpura Palmar/plantar erythema and/or cyanosis Papules/nodules Malignant atrophic papulosis-like Extensive cutaneous necrosis Subungual splinter hemorrhages Anetoderma Thrombocytopenic…
Fig. 14.1 Clinical suspicion for definite and non-criterial APS 14.2 Definite APS with Usual Clinical Manifestations The clinical picture of APS is protean and very variable in the single patient,…
1. Evidence of involvement of 3 organs, systems, and/or tissues 2. Development of manifestations simultaneously or in less than 1 week 3. Laboratory confirmation of the presence of aPL (LAC…
Fig. 2.1 Flow chart for diagnosis of LAC Numerous variables affect screening tests for LAC detection. The low content of PL renders the test more sensitive, and KCT can be…
Clinical criteria One or more episodes of arterial, venous, or small vessel thrombosis by validated criteria with no vessel wall inflammation One or more unexplained fetal deaths later than 10…
Fig. 18.1 Mechanisms of action of potential future therapeutic tools in APS. ROS reactive oxygen species, β2GPI β2 glycoprotein I, aβ2GPI antibodies against β2GPI, PDI protein disulfide-isomerase, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme…
Management of aPL carriers: Identify and reverse traditional cardio vascular risk factors Identify concomitant systemic autoimmune diseases Consider drugs acting on platelet and coagulation system: ASA [20–22] LMWH [8, 19]…
Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of the coagulation cascade. HK high-molecular-weight kininogen, PK prekallikrein, PL phospholipid, PT prothrombin, TH thrombin coagulation cascade Fluid-phase coagulation components are involved in propagation of the…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Pier Luigi Meroni (ed.)Antiphospholipid Antibody SyndromeRare Diseases of the Immune System10.1007/978-3-319-11044-8_16 16. Treatment of Pregnancy Complications Barbara Acaia1 , Federica Rossi1 and Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola2, 3 (1) U.O. Ostetricia e Ginecologia I, U.O.S. Patologia…
