Thyroglossal Cyst
Fig. 10.1 Clinical photographs showing midline neck swelling (a) and a slightly more swelling to the left side (b) Usually painless, smooth, and cystic. A thyroglossal cyst will move upwards…
Splenogonadal Fusion
Fig. 39.1 Intraoperative photograph showing discontinuous splenogonadal fusion Many of these cases however go unnoticed or discovered at autopsy. In the pediatric age group, these patients commonly present with a…
Infantile Fibromatosis and Myofibromatosis
Fig. 9.1 Histological picture of infantile myofibromatosis showing uniform, elongated, fusiform, and elongated spindle-shaped cells surrounded by abundant collagen Infantile myofibromatosis was first described by Stout in 1954 who called…
Meconium Plug Syndrome
Fig. 28.1 a and b Plain abdominal x-ray showing dilated bowel loops with absent gas in the rectum. Gastrograffin contrast enema showing meconium plug syndrome Contrast enema : Gastrografin is…
Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism)
Fig. 11.1 Clinical photograph showing left undescended testes In 90 % of cases, an undescended testis can be palpable in the inguinal canal ; in a minority, the testis or testes…
Branchial Cysts, Sinuses, and Fistulae
Fig. 7.1 A clinical photograph showing a branchial fistula. Note the location of the external opening at the anterior border of the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The internal…
H-type Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Fig. 15.1 Barium swallow showing an N-type rather than H-type TEF in (a) and an H-type TEF in (b) Treatment Definitive preoperative diagnosis of H-type TEF is important and, once…
Varicocele
Fig. 12.1 A clinical photograph of a child with left varicocele that feels like a bag of worms The size of both testicles should be evaluated during palpation to detect…
Intravenous Fluids, Blood, and Blood Products
Weight (kg) Amount of fluid, D/W 5 % ¼ NS 1–10 100 CC/kg/day (4 CC/kg/h) 10–20 1000 CC + 50 CC/kg/day for wt > 10 kg (2 CC/kg/h) > 20 1500 CC + CC/kg/h for wt > 20 kg (1 CC/kg/h) Table 1.2 Volume of maintenance fluid by body…
