Perianal Abscess and Fistula-in-Ano
Fig. 35.1 A clinical photograph showing fistula-in-ano in an infant. Note the discharging opening near the anus in (a) and a perianal abscess in (b) It is considered generally that…
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Fig. 18.1 Pathophysiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Signs and Symptoms There is progressively projectile and non-bile-stained vomiting. The child remains hungry and takes food immediately after vomiting. Poor weight…
Venous Access in Infants and Children
Fig. 3.1 A clinical photograph showing a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) Fig. 3.2 Diagrammatic representation of a tunnelled double lumen central line. Note the proper position of the tip…
Congenital Rectal Stenosis and Atresia
Fig. 30.1 A lateral photograph of a barium enema showing congenital rectal stenosis marked by arrows Gupta and Sharma classified congenital rectal atresia into five types: Type I: Rectal stenosis…
Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction (Pyloric and Antral Atresia and Web)
Fig. 19.1 Diagrammatic representation of antral membrane (a) and antral membrane forming a windsock (b) Rarely, there is an antral atresia with a gap (Fig. 19.2). Fig. 19.2 Diagrammatic representation of…
Cholelithiasis and Choledocholithiasis
Fig. 40.1 Intraoperative picture showing an open gallbladder with stones The increasing incidence of cholelithiasis in children is attributed to: Increased use of ultrasonography with increased detection rate The growing…
Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome
Fig. 34.1 Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showing markedly dilated urinary bladder (a) and micturating cystourethrogram (b) showing a markedly dilated urinary bladder. There was no evidence of vesicoureteric reflux…
Eventration of the Diaphragm
Fig. 47.1 Chest X-ray showing eventration of left (a) and right (b) hemidiaphragm (arrows) It is postulated that they occur embryologically because of abnormal migration of myoblasts from the upper…
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction
Fig. 21.1 a and b, Bile-stained vomiting in a newborn with congenital duodenal obstruction Rarely, the vomiting is non-bilious if the obstruction is proximal to ampulla of Vater. Features of…
Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome
Fig. 67.1 Intraoperative photograph showing PMDS. Note the uterus, fallopian tubes, and testes Not uncommonly, it is seen in association with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) . PMDS, which is also…
