KEY POINTS 1. Should protein in the diet be limited while waiting for results? No. It is not recommended to change the diet to a specialized diet without confirmation of…
KEY POINTS 1. Congenital renal anomalies account for one-fourth of all congenital anomalies. 2. Early pre- or postnatal detection can facilitate appropriate, timely management. 3. Many infants will require coordinated,…
KEY POINTS 1. Stridor is a sound caused by obstruction of the upper airway, usually from abnormalities within one or more of the subsites of the larynx (supraglottis, glottis, and…
KEY POINTS 1. Cataracts are inherited or sporadic; congenital or acquired; isolated or in a syndrome. 2. Size, density, and location of lens opacity influence its visual significance. 3. Timing…
KEY POINTS 1. All newborns must have a hearing screen by the age of 1 month, a diagnostic audiologic test at 3 months if they do not pass their hearing…
KEY POINTS 1. Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is an association of congenital micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate that presents with tongue-based airway obstruction. 2. Infants with PRS can present with…
KEY POINTS 1. Congenital upper extremity differences are relatively rare but numerous and complex in nature. 2. Refer to a pediatric hand surgeon for management if an upper extremity congenital…
KEY POINTS 1. Chronic cardiopulmonary and neurologic disorders are the most common indications for neonatal tracheostomy, overtaking upper airway obstruction. 2. Noninvasive ventilation of neonates is likely reducing indications and…
KEY POINTS 1. At birth, the fetal-neonatal immune system gets activated. It is critical for survival to recognize and eliminate all the potentially dangerous pathogens in the infant’s external and…
KEY POINTS 1. Childbirth is a traumatic event; the head of the neonate is subject to multiple forces that, in turn, may result in clinically relevant neurologic injuries. 2. Extracranial…
