14 Immunization and infections Chapter map Immunity is first lost (waning maternal antibodies) and then gradually regained, through exposure to infection and immunization. Immunization is a key public health measure…

Inspection Translucency – cloudy appearance usually due to chemical deposits (especially in cold, stale urine). Infected urine is usually hazy, and can be cloudy. Colour – Blood may make the…

Brain growth and development occur early in life. Neurone formation is completed within 6 months of conception. Half the increase in head circumference between birth and adult life occurs in…

19 Respiratory medicine Chapter map Respiratory infections and asthma are major causes of morbidity and are common reasons for a child being taken to a doctor or admitted to hospital….

PRACTICE POINT Chaperones As a student, think carefully before performing sensitive or intimate examinations that might cause a child or adolescent embarrassment. It will rarely be appropriate for you to…

27 Endocrine and metabolic disorders Chapter map Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the most important endocrine condition in children. Other hormonal conditions, and inborn errors of metabolism, are relatively uncommon, and…

20 Cardiology Chapter map Most cardiac conditions present as a heart murmur, heart failure or the presence of cyanosis. Congenital heart disease is the most common cause of cardiac problems…

at the top of a tower block, without the privilege of an enclosed garden or play space, has a difficult task. By the age of 11, one in four children…

There is a greater risk of dying on the first day of life than on any other day (except the last). 7.1 The effects of birth on the fetus 7.1.1…

24 Skin Chapter map Skin disorders are common in children. The infant’s skin with its thin epidermis and immature glands is particularly liable to infection and blistering. Birthmarks, rashes and…