Syndrome Upper limb anomaly Commonly associated features Inheritance pattern Testing Cornelia de Lange Absent or hypoplastic ulna; oligodactyly Prenatal growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital heart disease (CHD), dysmorphic features, GU anomalies…

Fig. 1 Anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) radiographs of the elbow demonstrating a displaced radial neck fracture (Courtesy of Joshua M. Abzug, MD) Minimally displaced radial neck fractures may be…

Fig. 1 The midcarpal articulation of two wrists : (a) Type I lunate, (b) Type II lunate (Reprinted with permission from Kapoutsis DV, Dardas A, Day CS. Carpometacarpal and scaphotrapeziotrapezoid…

I. Failure of formation of parts (arrest of development)  (A) Transverse deficiency  (B) Longitudinal deficiencies  (C) Phocomelia  (D) Tendon or muscle dysplasia  (E) Absent nail or skin II. Failure of…

Shoulder instability Nonoperative treatment Indications Contraindications First-time dislocator in skeletally immature child (under age 14) Recurrent, painful, and/or disabling dislocations MDI – initial management  For patients with posterior instability, immobilization…

Fig. 1 (a) Anteroposterior and (b) lateral radiographs demonstrating a humeral shaft fracture in a 6-day-old infant, which occurred as a result of a complicated delivery (Courtesy of Joshua M….

Fig. 1 Plain lateral radiograph of the forearm demonstrating a large soft-tissue mass (red arrows) and osseous changes including reactive periosteal changes (blue arrow) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often…

Fig. 1 In this rare open proximal humerus fracture in an adolescent, the tent-shaped morphology of the proximal humeral physis is clearly displayed The most important pathoanatomical considerations in treating…

Fig. 1 Distribution of hand fractures by age. Note the relative lack of bimodal age distribution previously described (From Chew 2012) The most common phalanx fractures involve the border digits,…

Oligoarticular Onset with four or fewer joints. Most often a younger female with an asymmetric pattern and the most commonly involved joints being the knee, ankle, and elbow Oligoarticular onset…