Another subset during the first year of life includes those previously healthy infants who unexpectedly develop a precipitous neuromuscular crisis. Specific clinical mechanisms, that require consideration in this instance, include…
FIGURE 10.1 Normal intracranial vasculature. Coronal (left panel) and axial (right panel) magnetic resonance angiograms (MRAs) demonstrating normal intracranial vasculature. (a) internal carotid artery; (b) middle cerebral artery; (c) anterior cerebral…
FIGURE 13.1 Arteriovenous malformation—axial unenhanced computed tomography (CT) (A), axial MIP CT angiography (CTA) (B), axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (C), axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI (D). Frontal oblique…
A speech and language therapist focuses on communication, swallowing, and speech production, and has a number of goals. One of the most basic goals is to find or create a…
FIGURE 7.1 Computed tomographic (CT) scan of an 18-month-old with large left epidural hematoma. Note the swirling nature of the hematoma indicating active bleeding. Subdural hematomas: An accumulation of blood between…
The typical clinical NMS tetrad includes: (1) altered mental status, (2) extrapyramidal symptoms, (3) hyperthermia, and (4) autonomic dysfunction. The early manifestations of the disorder may be subtle, so a…
FIGURE 17.1 Cardiac action potential. No set panel of laboratory tests should be ordered for every case of potential poisoning. Rather, one should tailor studies to assess for proof of exposure,…
■ HYPOKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS Parkinsonism Parkinsonism is the most common hypokinetic disorder. It is usually characterized by two or more of the usual parkinsonism signs: (1) rest tremor at 4…
The impact of hyperthermia prevention and induced hypothermia to minimize neurologic injury has been evaluated in both animal models and clinical trials across multiple types of brain injury. Both spontaneous…
■ DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEADACHES BY PROMINENT HISTORICAL FEATURE The red flags for serious headache conditions in children can be summarized by the mnemonic SNOOPY snoop4 (to remember the 4…
