Fig. 2.1 Plain abdominal radiographs: supine antero-posterior view (a) and trans-lateral view (b) show the presence of pneumoperitoneum All cases of pneumoperitoneum, however determined, and upper-obstructive conditions have an exclusively…

Biliary atresia Postinfectious cirrhosis Congenital hepatic fibrosis Congenital disorders of bile acid metabolism Sclerosing cholangitis Autoimmune hepatitis Drug toxicity Metabolic diseases (e.g., alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) Post-hepatic portal hypertension. It is…

Diagnostic Dysphagia Odynophagia Intractable or chronic symptoms of GERD Vomiting/hematemesis Persistent epigastric pain Unexplained irritability Anorexia Weight loss/failure to thrive Anemia (unexplained) Diarrhea/malabsorption (chronic) Gastrointestinal bleeding Caustic ingestion Therapeutic Foreign-body…

Fig. 17.1 Normal rotation of fetal intestine. (a) Orientation of the bowel in the umbilical cord before rotation starts. (b) Initial 90° anticlockwise rotation (stage I). (c) Further 180° anticlockwise…

Fig. 22.1 Important colic distension (red arrows) on the x-ray with lack of air in the recto-sigma x The barium contrast enema is simple and exhaustive in the case of…

Fig. 31.1 Direct volume rendering of three different clinical cases from their DICOM image, here CT scan of the neck (a), thorax (b), and abdomen (c) This technique, available on…

Benjamin and Inglis (1989) Sandu and Monnier (2006) Type Description Type Description I Supraglottic cleft 0 Submucosal cleft I Interarytenoid cleft with the absence of the interarytenoid muscle II Cleft…

Fig. 26.1 Japanese classification (a) and the “French” classification (b) depending on the patency of both the gallbladder and common bile duct. Cystic BA is also included in this classification…

Risk factor Odds ratio Risk points Birth weight <1500 g 9.05 9 Chromosomal abnormality 5.80 6 Major cardiac anomalya 2.68 3 Renal anomaly 1.89 2 CNS and GI abnormalities did…

Fig. 20.1 Appendiceal tip position can widely vary. Here the most frequent positions in which it is possible to find the appendix are illustrated. (a) Ascending into the retrocecal recess…