Fig. 41.1. Orientation of the four ports used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children. The midepigastric port should be positioned according to the patient’s size; the smaller the child, the closer…

In the absence of organic pathology, ≥2 of the following must occur for >1 month in a child with developmental age < 4 years [4] 1.≤2 defecations per week 2.At…

Fig. 5.1. Images of a 9-month-old female who presented with concern for foreign body aspiration. Air trapping on the left side (a) is noted on the decubitus films (b, c)….

Fig. 26.1. Types of intestinal atresia. From Sinha CK, et al. Intestinal Atresia. In: Handbook of Pediatric Surgery, Sinha CK, Davenport M, eds. Springer; 2010, pg. 97. Reprinted with permission….

Fig. 32.1. Specimen following ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease. Technique 1. The patient is positioned in the lithotomy position with both arms tucked. A Foley catheter and orogastric tube are…

Fig. 40.1. A pancreatic pseudocyst 5 weeks after complete pancreatic transection. Note the apposition of the pseudocyst wall to the posterior stomach, making the lesion now amenable to cystogastrostomy. Technique…

Fig. 16.1. CXR illustrating right-sided chylothorax in an infant. Fig. 16.2. CT illustrating right side dominant bilateral chylothorax in an infant. If no identifiable cause of chylothorax is found, investigations…

Fig. 33.1. Operating room setup (a) with standard trocar placement (b). Trocar placement may be altered based on location of the intussusception on air or contrast enema. Reprinted with permission,…

Fig. 25.1. Double bubble sign demonstrated on plain radiograph. From Kuenzler K, Rothenberg S. Duodenal Atresia. In: Mattei P. Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery. Springer, New York 2011 [11]. Reprinted with…

Fig. 51.1. International classification of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). From Tullus K. Vesicoureteric reflux in children. Lancet. 2015;385(9965):371–9. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Limited. Exam The child with reflux typically has…