Techniques of Recording
CHAPTER 2 Techniques of Recording GENERAL PRINCIPLES The general principles of recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) in older children and adults apply to the recording of the EEG in neonates with…
PEDIATRICS
Approach to Visual Analysis and Interpretation
CHAPTER 1 Approach to Visual Analysis and Interpretation The basic principles of visual analysis and interpretation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) that apply to older patients (Kellaway, 2003) also generally apply…
Infectious and Non-infectious Tumor-Like Lesions
Pathological agent Lesion Site Morphology Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Abscess Any, bone Cocci Gram + Streptococcus spp. Abscess Skin, any Cocci Gram + Mycobacteria tub. Tuberculoma Any any Granul. Patterns, Zielh+…
General Considerations
Predisposing disease Tumors Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 gene mutation) Neurofibroma, Schwannoma, MPNST, GIST Rhabdomyosarcoma Hereditary retinoblastoma (RB1 gene mutation) Bone and soft tissue sarcomas Antineoplastic treatment (radiotherapy, alkylating agents) Sarcomas…
Blastemal Tumors
Fig. 4.1 Neuroblastoma . Poorly differentiated neuroblastoma . No neuropil. Elevated MKI. MGG Fig. 4.2 Neuroblastoma. Maturating neuroblastoma . Some larger cells with cytoplasm. MGG Fig. 4.3 Neuroblastoma. Neuropil and…
Low-Grade Superficial Connective Tumors
Fig. 5.1 Desmoid fibromatosis . Long fascicular cohesive fragment of bland fibroblasts and scattered uniform fibroblasts, some with cytoplasmic processes, May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) Fig. 5.2 Desmoid fibromatosis. Loosely cohesive cluster…
Round Cell Sarcomas
Fig. 3.1 (a) A low-power view of embryonal RMS featuring tissue fragments with stroma and numerous dissociated rhabdomyoblasts. (b) Two large tissue fragments containing stroma and tumor cells. (a) Giemsa,…
Pediatric Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Cytopathology
Anatomic sites Main histopathological subtypes Posterior fossa (cerebellum, fourth ventricle and brainstem) Medulloblastoma Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) Pilocytic astrocytoma Ependymoma Brainstem diffuse glioma Cerebral hemispheres Ganglioglioma (temporal lobe) Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma…
Miscellaneous Epithelial and Epithelial-like Tumors
Fig. 7.1 UCNT, Regaud type , isolated tumor cells and inflammatory background, May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) Fig. 7.2 UCNT, Schminke type, spindle-shaped cells, Papanicolaou 7.1.3 Ancillary Techniques Immunocytochemistry (ICC) shows positivity…
Non-round Cell Sarcomas
Fig. 6.1 Epithelioid sarcoma. Polymorphous epithelioid with rhabdoid features , May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) Fig. 6.2 Epithelioid sarcoma . Polymorphous epithelioid cells , Papanicolaou Fig. 6.3 Epithelioid sarcoma. Epithelioid cells mimicking carcinoma…
