Umbilical Cord Abnormalities Sara M. Seifert OVERVIEW Peripartum umbilical cord management can have profound maternal and fetal effects from preventing asphyxia, hemorrhage, and long-term morbidity to promoting neonatal and maternal…
Emergency Hysterotomy Megan E. Healy Efrat R. Kean OVERVIEW Resuscitative hysterotomy is the delivery of a potentially viable fetus by rapid cesarean section in the setting of maternal cardiopulmonary arrest….
Twin Deliveries Nuriya D. Robinson OVERVIEW Deliveries of multifetal gestations can prove challenging for even the most experienced obstetrics provider.1 Fetal lie, monitoring challenges with more than one fetus, and…
Breech Deliveries Cindy Chang Michael Ghermezi Nuriya D. Robinson INTRODUCTION Breech presentation is defined as the fetus in a longitudinal lie whose buttocks, knees, or feet are adjacent to the…
Normal Vaginal Deliveries Liza G. Smith OVERVIEW Most women in labor present directly or are triaged to an obstetric unit so births occurring in the prehospital or emergency department (ED)…
Placental Abnormalities James Wong III Megan C. Henn Michelle D. Lall OVERVIEW The placenta is the lifeline of the growing fetus. Maternal blood enters the placenta through approximately 120 spiral…
Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Motunrayo Mobolaji-Lawal Karen J. Jubanyik OVERVIEW Background Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is the spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes before the onset of labor at any…
Preterm Labor Luce A. Kassi Samantha P. DeAndrade Audra R. Meadows OVERVIEW Preterm labor is a common cause of hospitalization in pregnancy and may lead to preterm birth. Preterm birth…
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Alisa Anderson Eric J. Lee Rebecca Barron OVERVIEW Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) can be an elusive diagnosis with a clinical presentation that is similar to signs and symptoms of…
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Ramu Kharel Megan C. Henn Michelle D. Lall OVERVIEW The primary causes of maternal mortality around the world are hemorrhage, hypertension, and infection.1 In the United…
