The heart examination is a critical moment in fetal ultrasound (US). After birth, cardiologists carry out this examination, but before then the fetal heart is seen by non-cardiologists. While it…
Just as we would do before any clinical examination, we begin by taking a medical history and through our questioning look to uncover several important points, including: • Family history of…
Introduction Why? A major aim of prenatal diagnosis is to provide parents with relevant information on the health of the fetus as early as possible during the pregnancy. Sonographic measurement…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 8 Points to remember Catherine Fredouille, Jean-Eric Develay-Morice and Claudio Lombardi Chapter contents Technical points to remember Key points to remember Pathologies to…
Fig. 7.1 Changes in total body bone mineral content (BMC) at discharge (2 months) and at 6 months post-burn, expressed as a percentage of baseline (admission) values. Data are shown…
Fig. 11.1 Panoramic radiograph of a 31-year-old male patient with giant cell tumors of the right maxilla and mandible (arrows). The lesions are associated with root resorption of the adjacent…
Class Drug Route of administration Timing Mechanism of action Antiresorptive Denosumaba Subcutaneously Twice yearly Decreases bone resorption by inhibiting RANKL Osteoanabolic PTH(1-34) (teriparatide)b Subcutaneously, transdermal, chip Daily, weekly Increase bone…
Fig. 4.1 Growth of long bones. Schematic diagram illustrating the growth of long bones: (a) Longitudinal growth occurs due to hypertrophic differentiation of growth plate chondrocyte. (b) Bone morphology is…
Bruck Syndrome (OMIM 259450) Inheritance: Autosomal recessive. Genetic defect: 1. Mutations in PLOD2 gene (probably located in the chromosome 17p12 region) resulting in deficiency of a bone-specific telopeptidyl lysyl hydroxylase…
Fig. 8.1 Stimulation and action of intrinsic GH. GH is secreted in the pituitary gland and stimulated by hypothalamic hormones, such as GHRH and ghrelin, and is suppressed by somatostatin….
