Systemic analgesia Local anaesthesia Low-dose opioids (in order of increasing potency) Local anaesthesia Codeine, morphine, fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil Lignocaine, bupivacaine, L-bupivacaine, ropivacaine High-dose opioids Routes NMDA antagonists Topical: Ketamine EMLA,…
Category Features Criteria Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) The presence of at least two of the following four criteria, one of which must be abnormal temperature or leucocyte count Core…
Fig. 51.1 Mechanics of dynamic hyperinflation in acute severe asthma (Rotta and Steinhorn 2007). (a) A flow-time curve shows that inspiration begins before complete exhalation of the previous breath, leading…
Reference Year VAP criterion n Incidence Per 1,000 ventilator days Fayon et al. 1997 Consensus 439 2.5 %; 6.9 % of those ventilated ≥3 days – Richards et al. 1999…
where DO2 represents oxygen delivery; CO, cardiac output; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; Hb, hemoglobin; and PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. Thus, decreased oxygen delivery can result from…
Fig. 23.1 CT scans—apex, hilum, and base—in ARDS from sepsis. Images were taken at 5 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure. The CT scans show heterogeneous disease and both the craniocaudal and…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Peter C. Rimensberger (ed.)Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation10.1007/978-3-642-01219-8_38 38. Sedation, Analgesia and Neuromuscular Blockade in the Neonatal ICU Elaine M. Boyle1 and K. J. Sunny Anand2 (1) Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, 22-28…
Potential benefits Potential risks Decrease lung injury Cerebral vasodilation/loss of cerebral auto regulation/intraventricular hemorrhage Neuroprotection in hypoxia-ischemia Increase pulmonary vascular resistance Reduction of adverse effects of hypocapnia including periventricular leukomalacia…
