Surfactant
and Roger F. Soll9 (8) Department of Neonatology, State University of New York at Buffalo and ONY, Inc., Amherst, NY, USA (9) Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester,…
Bronchiolitis
Pulse oximetry should be performed in every child who attends hospital with acute bronchiolitis Infants with pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 92 % require inpatient care Decision about infants with SpO2…
Monitoring Interactions Between Spontaneous Respiration and Mechanical Inflations
The equation explains the interaction of between the patient’s generated pressure, P mus, and the ventilator’s generated pressure, P appl. These pressures overcome the resistance (R rs) and elastance (E…
Post-extubation Stridor
Fig. 36.1 Lateral radiograph of dynamic obstruction during inspiration for a child with subglottic (extrathoracic) airway obstruction from malacia. Notice how the airway caliber gets smaller during inspiration and returns…
Clinical Use of Nonconventional Modes of Ventilator Support
and David J. Durand9 (8) Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, 1900 Maryland, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA (9) Department of Physiology and Pediatrics,…
Pediatric Acute Lung Injury
Onset Acute Oxygenation ALI PaO2/FiO2 < 300 (regardless of positive end-expiratory pressure level) ARDS PaO2/FiO2 < 200 (regardless of positive end-expiratory pressure level) Chest radiograph Bilateral infiltration seen on frontal chest radiograph Pulmonary artery…
Tracheostomy
Fig. 56.1 A T-tube may be used instead of a tracheotomy tube for special circumstances, such as after surgery on the larynx or trachea Fig. 56.2 Silver tracheotomy tube, containing…
Mechanical Ventilation in the Operating Room
Fig. 65.1 Arrangement of the various Mapleson circuits (a–f). The circuits vary based on the site of introduction of the fresh gas flow (FGF), pop-off or airway pressure relief valve,…
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure
Complication Comments Oxygenator failure It is unusual for an oxygenator to fail completely, but they do lose efficiency over time Pump tubing (raceway) rupture Only in the roller pump system…
Setting the Ventilator in the PICU
Conventional ventilator settings Common pitfalls Mode: Variable, decelerating inspiratory flow pattern is preferred to (a) optimize patient comfort and (b) augment mean airway pressure while minimizing peak inspiratory pressure Volume-limited…
