Volume overload Refractory acidosis Refractory hyperkalemia Uremic symptoms Decreased nutritional status, malnutrition Persistent BUN >50 mg/dL Uncontrollable hypertension Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, as well as uremic symptoms, play a major…
Structural changes in the kidney: Increase in kidney size by 1–1.5 cm (and up to 30% in volume) Dilatation of the collecting system, more prominent on the right Systemic hemodynamic…
1. Severe resetting of the osmostat 2. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) (a) Nausea vomiting (b) Pain (c) Medications 3. Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) 4. Addison’s disease…
Fig. 8.1 A 32-year-old female, 13 weeks gestation, with history of nephrolithiasis presented with left-sided flank pain and low-grade fever. Ultrasonography showed (a) normal right kidney, (b) left hydronephrosis, (c) right…
!DOCTYPE html> © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020M. Sachdeva, I. Miller (eds.)Obstetric and Gynecologic Nephrologyhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25324-0_6 6. Glomerular Disease and Pregnancy Hitesh H. Shah1, Kenar D. Jhaveri2 and Jai Radhakrishnan3 (1) Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Long Island…
Fig. 25.1 The PGC specification in mouse embryos. Mouse PGCs are specified at the posterior and proximal end of the epiblast (EPI) by receiving BMP4 from extraembryonic ectoderm (EXE), a…
Fig. 23.1 Morphological change of the embryo during vitrifaction: (a) Day 3 embryo before vitrification; (b) dehydration immediately after the exposure to equilibration solution; (c) partial rehydration as cryoprotectants enter…
Fig. 20.1 Endometrial thickness (EMT) minimal stimulation (left; E2 781 pg/mL; EMT 4.0 mm) versus frozen embryo transfer (right; E2 296 pg/mL; EMT 8.8 mm) in the same patient 20.5.2 The Effect of Clomiphene…
Characteristic HCG trigger alone (n = 55) Dual trigger (n = 52) P value Age at the time of the cycle (y) 38.36 ± 3.92 39.50 ± 3.05 0.10 Body mass index (kg/m2) 26.39 ± 5.21 25.99 ± 5.43 0.70 Anti-Mullerian hormone…
