Sedatives: Effects on Memory and Amnesia
Fig. 10.1 Sleep and arousal centers in the human brain. (a) Artistic rendering of the human brain in the awake state illustrating important arousal and sleep centers and pathways of…
Usage of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Sedation
Whole medical systems • Homeopathic medicine • Naturopathic medicine • Traditional Chinese medicine • Ayurveda • Tibetan medicine Biologically based practices • Herbal products • Nutritional supplements • Vitamins • Dietary supplements Mind-body medicine • Meditation • Biofeedback • Relaxation • Guided imagery…
Sedation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Challenges, Outcomes, and Future Strategies in the United States
1. Rule out treatable causes of agitation (a) Hypoxia and hypercarbia (b) Cerebral hypoperfusion (c) Bladder distention (d) Surgical lesion—necrotic bowel or compartment syndrome 2. Perform a presedation evaluation of the patient. This evaluation is similar…
Physiological Monitoring for Procedural Sedation: The Routine and Beyond
American Academy of Pediatrics American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry American Academy of Periodontology American Association of Critical-Care Nurses American College of Critical Care Medicine American College of Emergency Physicians American…
Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Complex and Multifactorial Challenge
Status Disease state I No organic, physiologic, biochemical, or psychiatric disturbance II Mild to moderate systemic disturbance that may or may not be related to the reason for procedure, e.g.,…
Pediatric Physiology: How Does It Differ from Adults?
Fig. 8.1 Pressure–volume curves of the (a) infant and (b) adult respiratory systems. The rest volume is the volume at zero intrathoracic pressure, where the outward recoil of the chest…
Incidence and Stratification of Adverse Events Associated with Sedation: Is There a Benchmark?
Adverse events Interventions performed in response 1. Oxygen desaturation • Vigorous tactile stimulation • Airway repositioning • Suctioning • Oral or nasal airway placement 2. Apnea: central versus obstructive (partial versus complete) • Administration of reversal agents…
Non-pharmacological Distraction Techniques as Sedation Adjunct
Item Behavioral Definition Score Cry No cry 1 Child is not crying Moaning 2 Child is moaning or quietly vocalizing silent cry Crying 2 Child is crying, but the cry…
Sedation for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Procedures
Sedation measures • Adverse events related to sedation • Adverse events related to procedure • Procedure completion rate • Procedure times • Patient recovery times • Patient satisfaction • Parent satisfaction • Provider satisfaction • Cost • Speed of recovery…
Future of Pediatric Sedation
New levels (as yet unnamed) Escalating risk of serious adverse event Physiological monitoring parameters (singular or combination)a Recommended sedationist skill set Recommended resourcesb 1 ≤1:10,000 Consistent with normal awake pattern…
