Fig. 1 Regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Adrenal cortisol production and secretion are regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Basal diurnal rhythm (regulated by internal clock genes) and various stress factors…
Fig. 1 Molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid action. GR glucocorticoid receptor, GC glucocorticoid, HSP heat-shock protein, FKBP FK506-binding protein, NF-kB nuclear factor-kB Genetic and Epigenetic Predictors of GC Response Given the…
(1) Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Building D, 2nd floor, Severi Square 1, San Sisto, Perugia, I-06132, Italy Giuseppe Nocentini Email: giuseppe.nocentini@unipg.it Introduction Owing to…
Category Definition Exclusions Systemic Arthritis in one or more joints with or preceded by fever of at least 2-week duration. Signs or symptoms must have been documented daily for at…
DCI Anti-inflammatory activity Mineralocorticoid effect Dose equivalence (mg) Half-life (h) Hydrocortisone 1 1 20 8–12 Cortisone 1 0.8 25 8–12 Prednisone 4 0.8 5 12–36 Prednisolone 4 0.8 5 12–36…
2. Zetterstrom R (2008) The discovery that cortisone may effectively ameliorate inflammatory and allergic disease. Acta Paediatr 97:513–517PubMedCrossRef 3. Hench PS (1938) The ameliorating effect of pregnancy on chronic atrophic…
Drug Potency (relative to cortisol) Salt-retaining properties Half-life Biologic half-life Oral bioavailability (%) Cortisone acetatea 0.8 Present 1.5 8–12 90 Prednisolone 5 Moderate 2 12–36 100 Methylprednisolone 4 Low 2.3…
Inhibition of growth Osteopenia–osteoporosis (impaired peak bone mass accrual in childhood and adolescence) Hypertension Fluid retention Hypokalemic alkalosis Weight gain Hyperlipidemia Diabetes mellitus Avascular necrosis of bone Nephrocalcinosis Uricosuria Poor…
Fig. 2.1 Common locations of pediatric bone tumors. The location of a bone tumor is frequently the first information available to narrow the differential diagnosis of a bone lesion. This…
Fig. 9.1 Pre-operative x-ray (a) and MRI (b) demonstrating an aggressive sarcoma of the proximal humerus in a 5-year-old boy. A vascularized fibula (c) was harvested and used to reconstruct…
