New Treatments
Fig. 18.1 Mechanisms of action of potential future therapeutic tools in APS. ROS reactive oxygen species, β2GPI β2 glycoprotein I, aβ2GPI antibodies against β2GPI, PDI protein disulfide-isomerase, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme…
Antiphospholipid Antibody Carriers
Management of aPL carriers: Identify and reverse traditional cardio vascular risk factors Identify concomitant systemic autoimmune diseases Consider drugs acting on platelet and coagulation system: ASA [20–22] LMWH [8, 19]…
Antiphospholipid Antibody Mechanisms of Thrombosis
Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of the coagulation cascade. HK high-molecular-weight kininogen, PK prekallikrein, PL phospholipid, PT prothrombin, TH thrombin coagulation cascade Fluid-phase coagulation components are involved in propagation of the…
Treatment of Pregnancy Complications
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Pier Luigi Meroni (ed.)Antiphospholipid Antibody SyndromeRare Diseases of the Immune System10.1007/978-3-319-11044-8_16 16. Treatment of Pregnancy Complications Barbara Acaia1 , Federica Rossi1 and Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola2, 3 (1) U.O. Ostetricia e Ginecologia I, U.O.S. Patologia…
Treatment of Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
High-risk patients Low-risk patients Lupus anticoagulant presence Isolated intermittently positive aCL or aβ2GPI at low titers aCL at medium–high titers Previous single venous thrombosis Double or triple positivity (LA, aCL,…
Additional Organs Involved in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Eye, Ear-Nose-Throat, Lung, Gastroenteric System, Endocrine Glands
Fig. 13.1 The potential involvement of the eye, ear-nose-throat, lung, gastrointestinal system, and endocrine glands in APS is illustrated 13.2 Eye Involvement in APS While the eye involvement is uncommon…
Non-Thrombotic Hematologic Manifestations in APS
Treatment Response rate Sustained response First-line therapy Corticosteroids ~70–85 % 20–30 % Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day p.o. Methylprednisolone i.v. 5–10 mg/kg/day for 3–5 days High-dose dexamethasone 40 mg/day for 4…
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) and the Renal Involvement
Acute lesions Chronic lesions Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) Arterial fibrous intimal hyperplasia (FIH) or arterial occlusion by organized thrombi with or without recanalization Focal cortical atrophy (FCA) Tubular thyroidization APS nephropathy…
APS and the Nervous System
Clinical manifestation Association Level of evidence Dementia Association between LA and dementia Level II Cognitive dysfunction Association between aPL and cognitive dysfunction Level I Migraine No association between migraine and…
Obstetric APS
Criteria for obstetric APS 1. One or more unexplained deaths of a morphologically normal fetus at or beyond the 10th week of gestation, with normal fetal morphology documented by ultrasound…
