Anatomy and Embryology
Fig. 1.1 Transvaginal ultrasound of the ovary, showing the normal anatomy The pelvic and urogenital diaphragms form the pelvic floor. The former is a funnel-shaped fibromuscular partition that creates the…
2D/3D/4D Ultrasound of the Fetal Face in Genetic Syndromes
Fig. 5.1 Images obtained with 3D ultrasound in which the surface renderization enables us to obtain coronal, oblique, and sagittal planes of normal fetuses with gestational ages between 27 and…
Prenatal Diagnosis of Orofacial and Neck Tumors
Fig. 6.1 Glial fibers intermixed with a rich vascular network Its diagnosis is rarely described prenatally; in cases reported, the finding was usually during the second or third trimester when…
The Role of 2D/3D/4D Ultrasound in the Prenatal Assessment of Cleft Lip and Palate
Fig. 4.1 The LAHSAL system, proposed by Kriens in 1989 [7], is a modification of the Y of Kernahan [6] The role of prenatal ultrasound is to diagnose the cleft,…
Evaluation of the Fetal Face in the First Trimester
Fig. 3.1 Sagittal two-dimensional ultrasound view in a 13-week fetus. The fetal profile is clearly depicted despite the small size of the fetal face; calipers denote the nasion-to-chin distance, which…
Micrognathia
Fig. 7.1 Three-dimensional ultrasound with post-processing rendering using HDLive™ shows a midtrimester fetus with micrognathia and low-set ears (Courtesy of Dr. G. Grisolia) After the sixth gestational week, mandibular development…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the Evaluation of the Fetal Face
Fig. 8.1 Normal fetus at 32 weeks of gestation. (a) Axial SSFP shows upper lip (arrow) and alveolus (arrowheads) without filling defects. (b) Coronal T2WI shows normal palate with hypointense…
Prenatal Diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Using 3D Ultrasound and Fetal MRI
Fig. 19.1 Three-dimensional ultrasound and three-dimensional MRI demonstrated macroglossia (arrow) Fig. 19.2 Two-dimensional ultrasound, three-dimensional ultrasound, and fetal MRI demonstrated macroglossia (arrow) Fig. 19.3 Two-dimensional ultrasound, three-dimensional ultrasound, and postnatal…
Development and Autopsy Assessment of the Fetal Head and Face
(1) Department of Paediatric Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK J. Ciaran Hutchinson Email: Neil.Sebire@gosh.nhs.uk 10.1 Overview Embryonic development of the head and face is…
The Fetal Brain in Fetuses with Orofacial Abnormalities
Fig. 9.1 Stillbirth with frontonasal dysplasia. Note the broad nasal cleft and extreme hypertelorism (a) and the presence of an occipital cephalocele (b) The association between open neural tube defects…
